One of these out-dated ideas that people still believe to be a fact, is the "rule of thumb" that you can only withdraw 40 to 50 pounds of chlorine per 24 hours from a single chlorine cylinder. Do a spot check. Mercury is highly toxic, so it is crucial to know when to see a doctor. Chlorine was first used as a weapon during World War I[8]. If eyes are burning or vision is blurred, rinse your eyes with plain water for 10-15 minutes. Parenteral administration is preferred, as inhaled routes may result in inadequate distribution to damaged airways. A person with chlorine gas poisoning may also have nausea, vomiting, or a headache. [5], Once inhaled, chlorine gas diffuses into the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the respiratory epithelium and may directly interact with small molecules, proteins and lipids there and damage them, or may hydrolyze to hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid which in turn generate chloride ions and reactive oxygen species; the dominant theory is that most damage is via the acids. Pulmonary damage usually manifests as haemorrhage rather than oedema. What Does Drinking Water Do for the Body? All rights reserved. This guidance is changing frequently. Vague chest pain with reduced exercise tolerance. This article…, © 2004-2020 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Chlorine is used in drinking water and swimming pool water to kill harmful bacteria. If you have swallowed (ingested) chlorine, do not induce vomiting or drink fluids. The type and severity of symptoms from chlorine poisoning will depend on several factors, including: However, symptoms can be immediate and severe following exposure to dangerous amounts of chlorine. Chlorine is a naturally occurring yellow-green gas. High concentrations of chlorine (800 ppm or more) cause mixed airway and alveolar damage. Mowry JB, et al 2014 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 32nd Annual Report.

It resembles COPD with a reversible element but it comes on within 24 hours of exposure. Other possible causes of similar symptoms include: Riot-control agentsTear gas and CS gas produce severe tearing, along with burning sensation and pain, predominantly in the eyes, upper airways, mucous membranes, and skin. Removal from the source of the poisoning includes removal of contaminated clothing and contact lenses. These symptoms may include: Diagnosing chlorine poisoning is usually straightforward as symptoms develop rapidly after ingestion or inhalation of the chemical.

Leave the area where the chlorine was released and get to fresh air. If a person swallows or inhales a chlorine-based product and shows symptoms of poisoning, contact the emergency services or go to the hospital immediately. The gas produced is less soluble than ammonia (MY NOTE: being less soluble is Therefore, it is available to those seeking to weaponise it. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). If you wear eyeglasses, wash them with soap and water. This page was last edited on 12 September 2020, at 02:13. At very high levels of exposure, death occurs in minutes to hours from respiratory failure, hypoxaemia, hypovolaemia, acute respiratory obstruction, alveolar destruction or a combination of these. Chlorine gas is not flammable but it can react explosively with other chemicals such as turpentine and ammonia. Chlorine gas injury is seen after industrial and occupational exposure, accidental spills and deliberate poisoning. In some cases, a doctor may need to empty the person’s stomach using gastric suction. In this article, we discuss the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of chlorine poisoning. If pulmonary oedema is to develop, it usually does so within 6-24 hours, although after very high exposure it can develop in minutes (with extremely poor prognosis). [1], In 2014, the American Association of Poison Control Centers reported that about 6,000 exposures to chlorine gas in the US in 2013, compared with 13,600 exposures to carbon monoxide, which was the most common poison gas exposure;[8] the year before they reported about 5,500 cases of chlorine gas poisoning compared with around 14,300 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning.[9].

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