Parenting is by no means an unfettered right and, as with many rights, it carries significant responsibilities. PP: 149-184. There are striking gender differences in the patterns of recorded crime. From researches and cases that have been discussed, it has become clear that both the conviction and sentencing stages of criminal procedures are affected by the gender of victims and defendants, and, in general, female defendants are treated more leniently by the courts.

Powerful gender equality essay topics. In its most simple form, cyber-crime can be... StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays, Term Papers & Book Notes. Gruhl, J. and Welch, S. Women as Criminal Defendants: A Test for Paternalism, (Sep., 1984), Vol.

One of the main reasons behind this hypothesis is that some offences are not expected to be committed by females. VAT Registration No: 842417633. The determinants of punishment: Deterrence, incapacitation and vengeance (Discussion Paper 1894). Gender has been attributed as one of the key factors that act a significant role in the crime patterns and the criminal justice systems. Harvard Institute of Economic Research. Gendered pathways, this explains the case nature and the behaviour of men to women in respect to the process of lawbreaking. Women are more vulnerable to sexual assaults compared to men. pp. Women, by and large, are not expected to be violent. For example, Morris (1987) has considered in his study that women are treated more leniently than men within the CJS, and they are less likely to be arrested, convicted and jailed. For a very long time, it has become a fact that women and men differ in their rates of committing crimes as well as their … This theory starts with the belief that women are innately different form men with a natural desire to be caring and nurturing, therefore ‘normal women’ are less likely to commit crime. Instead, there are many self-interest motive for committing crimes such as greed, hatred and revenge and extreme pressure, which are clearly for their own benefits.

Nagina Bibi, from: Honor Killings in Pakistan,” Amnesty International. P: 9-36. This topic brings up many heated discussions all around the world. It is well-known that women are under-represented in areas of achievement throughout past history: there are more men achieving distinctions of mental ability, from Nobel-prize winners to chess grandmasters. According to the Sage Dictionary of Criminology, the ability to define crime is a difficult concept. Although as a general statement it can be said that the law does not differentiate between men and women, research conducted in the field of criminology have clearly shown that social characteristics of offenders such as race, gender and class, have influenced the decisions made in the CJS. The male socialization behaviour is known to promote active individualistic behaviour unlike in women where it evokes virtues such as sharing and a caring attitude among the women.

CHRON., Mar. In other words, they are observed to be atypical of offending women. From the physical assaults reported in both male and female, the large percentage of men was attacked while away from their homes. However, in this case, the females in the age bracket of 18-44 showed higher rates of violence victimization compared to men in the same bracket. 18, 2002), at: http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/03/ 14/national/main503693.shtml. *You can also browse our support articles here >. Mannheim, H, Comparative Criminology, 1965, Vol. For example, in a study conducted in Streatham, London in 1989, only 204 suspects were arrested out of 446 domestic violence-related crimes. Do you agree with this statement? Their crimes on property in many instances it resulted in less property damage and monetary loss.

From: http://www.dewar4research.org. 1, 58 Political Research Quarterly. We will send an essay sample to you in 2 Hours. Non-conforming women may be those who engage in activities associated with men, or those who are likely to commit crimes. I wiped my feet as I walked out. If men do engage in violence, they justifiably believe that they will not be prosecuted. Oakley, A, Gender and Society, 1984, Adlershot Gower, London. (2000). Edwards, S. M and Armstrong, G. Policing Prostitution: A Profile of the SOS, July-Sept 1988, Police Journal. Despite the fact that laws on paper deal with men and women equally, it is not guaranteed that male and female defendants will be treated equally. Section 242 of the constitution allows police officers [...], The relation between Media and Criminal Justice has been a rough one at best as the way they both achieve success directly opposes each other. This would include the provision of unlawful goods and services or goods that have been developed through illicit means, such as fraud or theft. Her lawyer argued that she was suffering from postpartum depression at the time of the murders. A United Nations report also recorded the same whereby... ...This essay aims to draw upon some of the elements which make up the idea of crime. As a significant improvement in responding to violent crimes in England and Wales, new instructions issued to officers in a Force Order in June 1987 have been implemented.

A weakness of this explanation is that it is extremely reductionist and doesn’t take into account other factors such as socialisation. Morris, A. In light of these social implications on gender disparity in crime, there have been questions on whether biological factors could be stronger determinants in crime as compared to social factors. The house was a tip. Doubly Deviant, Doubly Damned, 1995, Penguin, Sydney. 1989. Williams, M.R and Holcomb, J. H, The Interactive Effects of Victim Race and Gender on Death Sentence Disparity Findings, 2004, 8 (4) Homicide Studies. The reasons for women’s silence have been widely recognized in the literature. An alternative to the biological explanation is sex role theory which claims that women are less likely to commit crime due to the core elements that limit their opportunities to do so.

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