In 1090–91, the nomadic Pechenegs reached the walls of Constantinople, where Emperor Alexius I with the aid of the Kipchaks annihilated their army. [61] John II built the monastery of the Pantocrator (Almighty) with a hospital for the poor of 50 beds. In 1261, Constantinople was captured from its last Latin ruler, Baldwin II, by the forces of the Nicaean emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.

The Theodosian Walls consisted of a double wall lying about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the west of the first wall and a moat with palisades in front. [9] The city was the home of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople and guardian of Christendom's holiest relics such as the Crown of thorns and the True Cross. The cumulative influence of the city on the west, over the many centuries of its existence, is incalculable. Constantinople was built over six years, and consecrated on 11 May 330. As the largest and wealthiest city in Europe during the 4th–13th centuries and a centre of culture and education of the Mediterranean basin, Constantinople came to be known by prestigious titles such as Basileuousa (Queen of Cities) and Megalopolis (the Great City) and was, in colloquial speech, commonly referred to as just Polis (ἡ Πόλις) 'the City' by Constantinopolitans and provincial Byzantines alike.[21]. From the Augustaeum led a great street, the Mese, lined with colonnades. In 312 CE, Constantine challenged the rule of the eastern empire, and, upon winning the Battle of Milvian Bridge, became sole emperor of a reunited Rome. Constantinople was home to the first known Western Armenian journal published and edited by a woman (Elpis Kesaratsian).     where fish and stag graze on the same pasture, Already then, in Greek and early Roman times, Byzantium was famous for its strategic geographic position that made it difficult to besiege and capture, and its position at the crossroads of the Asiatic-European trade route over land and as the gateway between the Mediterranean and Black Seas made it too valuable a settlement to abandon, as Emperor Septimius Severus later realized when he razed the city to the ground for supporting Pescennius Niger's claimancy. In the late 11th century catastrophe struck with the unexpected and calamitous defeat of the imperial armies at the Battle of Manzikert in Armenia in 1071. Under the Comnenian dynasty (1081–1185), Byzantium staged a remarkable recovery. 1 Answer. 152–153; see also endnote No. The name Constantinople was made easy to spell thanks to a novelty song, "C-O-N-S-T-A-N-T-I-N-O-P-L-E," written by Harry Carlton and performed by Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra, in the 1920s. [16][17] The founding myth of the city has it told that the settlement was named after the leader of the Megarian colonists, Byzas. Constantine put a great deal of money and effort into turning his new capital into a great city. Some versions of the founding myth say Byzas was the son of a local nymph, while others say he was conceived by one of Zeus' daughters and Poseidon. The site lay astride the land route from Europe to Asia and the seaway from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean, and had in the Golden Horn an excellent and spacious harbour.

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